Arctic Tundra

Located above tree line, Arctic tundra dominates Arctic Beringia’s terrestrial habitats. Underlying much of this tundra is permafrost which acts as a barrier to water drainage. Consequently, much of the lowlands consist of highly productive carbon-rich soils dominated by marshes and lakes. In summer, insect production is mind-blowing, providing incessant aggravation for mammalian species but provides the food that millions of migratory birds come to take advantage of. Vast aggregations of caribou migrate across the North American landscape in distinct herds and, in turn, support healthy intact predator assemblages including bears, wolves, and wolverine. Many species hibernate or migrate away during winter, but several such as Musk oxen, wolverines, and wolves remain. Many of the local human inhabitants in Arctic Beringia are Indigenous, relying on these habitats and wildlife for food and economic security.